- Forecast Bar 2 7 30
- Forecast Bar 2 7 32
- Forecast Bar 2 7 36
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Measuring Forecast Accuracy
How Do We Measure Forecast Accuracy?
Measures of Forecast Accuracy
Mean Forecast Error (MFE)
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
Tracking Signal
Other Measures
Measures of Forecast Accuracy
Mean Forecast Error (MFE)
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
Tracking Signal
Other Measures
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How Do We Measure Forecast Accuracy?
- Used to measure:
- Forecast model bias
- Absolute size of the forecast errors
- Can be used to:
- Compare alternative forecasting models
- Identify forecast models that need adjustment (management by exception)
Measures of Forecast Accuracy
Error = Actual demand – Forecast
OR
et = At – Ft
OR
et = At – Ft
h2. Mean Forecast Error (MFE)
For n time periods where we have actual demand and forecast values:
Ideal value = 0;
MFE > 0, model tends to under-forecast
MFE < 0, model tends to over-forecast
MFE > 0, model tends to under-forecast
MFE < 0, model tends to over-forecast
h2. Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
For n time periods where we have actual demand and forecast values:
While MFE is a measure of forecast model bias, MAD indicates the absolute size of the errors
Example
Period | Demand | Forecast | Error | Absolute Error |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 11 | 13.5 | -2.5 | 2.5 |
4 | 9 | 13 | -4.0 | 4.0 |
5 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0.0 |
6 | 8 | 9.5 | -1.5 | 1.5 |
7 | 14 | 9 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
8 | 12 | 11 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
n = 6 observations | Period | Demand | Forecast | Error | Absolute Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 11 | 13.5 | -2.5 | 2.5 | |
4 | 9 | 13 | -4.0 | 4.0 | |
5 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0.0 | |
6 | 8 | 9.5 | -1.5 | 1.5 | |
7 | 14 | 9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
8 | 12 | 11 | |||
-2 | 14 |
MFE = -2/6 = -0.33
MAD = 14/6 = 2.33
MAD = 14/6 = 2.33
Conclusion: Model tends to slightly over-forecast, with an average absolute error of 2.33 units.
h2. Tracking Signal
Used to pinpoint forecasting models that need adjustment
Rule of Thumb:
As long as the tracking signal is between –4 and 4, assume the model is working correctly
h2. Other Measures 1password 6 8 8 – powerful password manager software.
- CATEGORIES:
- Forecasting,
Measuring Forecast Accuracy
How Do We Measure Forecast Accuracy?
Measures of Forecast Accuracy
Mean Forecast Error (MFE)
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
Tracking Signal
Other Measures
Measures of Forecast Accuracy
Mean Forecast Error (MFE)
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
Tracking Signal
Other Measures
How Do We Measure Forecast Accuracy?
- Used to measure:
- Forecast model bias
- Absolute size of the forecast errors
- Can be used to:
- Compare alternative forecasting models
- Identify forecast models that need adjustment (management by exception)
Measures of Forecast Accuracy
Error = Actual demand – Forecast
OR
et = At – Ft
OR
et = At – Ft
h2. Mean Forecast Error (MFE)
Forecast Bar 2 7 30
For n time periods where we have actual demand and forecast values:
Ideal value = 0;
MFE > 0, model tends to under-forecast
MFE < 0, model tends to over-forecast
MFE > 0, model tends to under-forecast
MFE < 0, model tends to over-forecast
h2. Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
For n time periods where we have actual demand and forecast values:
While MFE is a measure of forecast model bias, MAD indicates the absolute size of the errors
Example
Forecast Bar 2 7 32
Period | Demand | Forecast | Error | Absolute Error |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 11 | 13.5 | -2.5 | 2.5 |
4 | 9 | 13 | -4.0 | 4.0 |
5 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0.0 |
6 | 8 | 9.5 | -1.5 | 1.5 |
7 | 14 | 9 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
8 | 12 | 11 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Forecast Bar 2 7 36
n = 6 observations | Period | Demand | Forecast | Error | Absolute Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 11 | 13.5 | -2.5 | 2.5 | |
4 | 9 | 13 | -4.0 | 4.0 | |
5 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0.0 | |
6 | 8 | 9.5 | -1.5 | 1.5 | |
7 | 14 | 9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
8 | 12 | 11 | |||
-2 | 14 |
MFE = -2/6 = -0.33
MAD = 14/6 = 2.33
MAD = 14/6 = 2.33
Conclusion: Model tends to slightly over-forecast, with an average absolute error of 2.33 units.
h2. Tracking Signal
Used to pinpoint forecasting models that need adjustment
Forecast Bar 3.0.3 – Accurate, Local Live Weather And ..
Rule of Thumb:
Bar, Bar, Montenegro Today, Tonight & Tomorrow's Weather ..
As long as the tracking signal is between –4 and 4, assume the model is working correctly
h2. Other Measures
Cached
- CATEGORIES:
- Forecasting,